? Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth
? in temporary employment that occurred in the United
? states during the 1980’s to increased participation in
? the workforce by certain groups, such as first-time or
(5)?reentering workers, who supposedly prefer such arrange-
? ments. However, statistical analyses reveal that demo-
? graphic changes in the workforce did not correlate with
variations in the total number of temporary workers.
Instead, these analyses suggest that factors affecting.
(10) employers account for the rise in temporary employ-
ment. One factor is product demand: temporary
? employment is favored by employers who are adapting
to fluctuating demand for products while at the same
time seeking to reduce overall labor costs. Another
(15) factor is labor’s reduced bargaining strength, which
allows employers more control over the terms of
employment. Given the analyses, which reveal that
growth in temporary employment now far exceeds the
level explainable by recent workforce entry rates of
(20) groups said to prefer temporary jobs, firms should be
discouraged from creating excessive numbers of tem-
porary positions. Government policymakers should
consider mandating benefit coverage for temporary
employees, promoting pay equity between temporary
(25) and permanent workers, assisting labor unions in orga-
nizing temporary workers, and encouraging firms to
assign temporary jobs primarily to employees who
explicitly indicate that preference.

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
?(A) present the results of statistical analyses and propose
?? further studies.
?(B) explain a recent development and predict its
?? eventual consequences.
?(C) identify the reasons for a trend and recommend
?? measures to address it.
?(D) outline several theories about a phenomenon and
?? advocate one of

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