一、写作步骤：

　　1. skim the question and write the introduction

　　2. input the topic sentence.找出问题所在，一个问题一句话

　　3. develop the body paragraphs one by one.逐一展开问题段落，按重要性递减的规律展开

　　4. conclusion（略）

　　5. checking

　　二、开头段的写作：

　　找出原论证的结论或主张，指出原论证的论据和假设，指出原论证的逻辑错误。

　　忠实的保留原始信息。用自己的词保留原始信息。

　　In this argument / analysis, the arguer concludes / claims that...To support / justify the conclusion , the arguer points out / provides the evidence that...and that...In addition , the arguer reasons（推理）that...

　　This argument suffers from several critical fallacies / flaws.

　　三、SURVEY问题：

　　1. vague => misleading （majority, percent, base number, few, many）

　　2. question: what questions will ask in the survey? Loaded questions有误导性的问题

　　3. Who

　　4. Average平均数不适合于每个成员

　　5. Confusing causal relationship with correlation混淆因果关系与相关性

　　Every causal relationship implies a correlation, but the statistical correlation does not necessarily implies a causal relation.

　　6. When was the survey conducted?

　　7. Are respondents（授调查者）being forthright（直率，说真话）? Image men / essence men

　　闪光句型:

　　1. the arguer over simplifies the issue of...

　　2. the arguer unfairly assumes that...

　　3. the arguer fails takesintosaccount other factors that...

　　4. the procedure of the survey might be problematic.

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